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<article_metadata generated_at="2026-09-24T22:57:30+00:00">
  <journal>
    <title>Journal of Business and Retail Management Research</title>
    <acronym>JBRMR</acronym>
    <issn_print></issn_print>
    <issn_online>2056-6271</issn_online>
    <doi_prefix>https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/</doi_prefix>
  </journal>
  <article>
    <id>108</id>
    <title>Retail internationalization: Lessons from "Big Three" global retailer's failure cases</title>
    <abstract>Due to saturated domestic markets many retailers seek potential growth and profits in the global market. After reviewing internationalization failures of big three global retailers, Wal-Mart, Carrefour, and Tesco, three important factors emerged which other retailers should consider as they plan strategies for internationalization and expansion. They are (1) adapting to host culture and market; (2) attaining competitive advantages in the new market; and (3) achieving global mindset and strategy. Findings of this paper can help retailers implement their internationalization strategies for the success in the global market.</abstract>
    <doi></doi>
    <url>https://jbrmr.com/details&amp;cid=108</url>
    <pdf_url>https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-108.pdf</pdf_url>
    <volume>Volume 06</volume>
    <issue>Issue 1</issue>
    <issue_id>14</issue_id>
    <issue_published_month>2011-10-01</issue_published_month>
    <published_date>2013-01-28</published_date>
    <online_first_status>no</online_first_status>
    <online_first_date></online_first_date>
    <history>
      <received></received>
      <revised></revised>
      <accepted></accepted>
    </history>
    <keywords>
      <keyword>Retail internationalization</keyword>
      <keyword>global retailing</keyword>
      <keyword>internationalization failure</keyword>
      <keyword>global mindset</keyword>
    </keywords>
    <declarations>
      <funding></funding>
      <conflict_of_interest></conflict_of_interest>
      <data_availability></data_availability>
      <author_contributions></author_contributions>
    </declarations>
    <publication_notice>
      <type>none</type>
      <text></text>
    </publication_notice>
    <metrics>
      <views>576421</views>
      <downloads>57</downloads>
      <citations>0</citations>
    </metrics>
    <authors>
      <author>
        <name>Jay Sang Ryu</name>
        <organization>Texas State University</organization>
        <country></country>
      </author>
      <author>
        <name>Jeff J. Simpson</name>
        <organization>Oklahoma State University</organization>
        <country></country>
      </author>
    </authors>
    <supplementary_materials/>
  </article>
</article_metadata>
